THE IMPORTANCE OF CPR
I
have had a life experience which made me too strongly believe this saying. A
friend in need is a friend indeed. Most of the accidents take place with close
proximities to safety zones. With immediate first aid and medical attention, a
life can be saved. Drowning is a respiratory impairment from being in or under
the liquid. The concerning victim of drowning is incapable of even shouting for
help and instinctive drowning response is the final set of autonomic reactions
in 20-60 seconds before sinking underwater, and to the untrained eye can lack
similar to safe behavior.
Moreover choking is caused by a blockage
in the throat, which restricts airflow. It is important to remember that air
enters the lungs via the trachea (wind pipe). The first aid and symptoms
involve violent coughing, clutching throat, red face and a visual sign of
someone drowning is desperation of staying above water, flailing arms and
possible coughing. If it happens to see someone choking you put that person
into a receiving position and remove the foreign object from their throat with
your fingers and the initial reaction to a drowning person is to get them out
of water. During that process, keep them calm and let them know that they are
safe.
QUESTION ONE
If
you are close to a stream and you hear people shouting for help that someone is
drowned on getting the stream, the person has been brought to the plain ground
still unconsciously what could you to revive such person.
ANSWER: Drowning
is a respiratory impairment from being in or under the liquid.
STEPS TO EMERGENCY DROWNING
TREATMENT
1. Get
help
a.
Notify a lifeguard, if one is close.
b. If
not, I will follow the steps below.
2. Look
to see if the person’s chest is moving.
3. The
person is not breathing, then check pulse.
a.
Check the person’s pulse for 10 seconds.
4. If
there is no pulse, start CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
Carefully
place the person on back:
·
For an adult or child, place the heel of
one hand on the centre of the chest at the nipple line. I can also push with
one hand on top of the other. For an infant, place two signers on the
breastbone.
·
For an adult or child, I will press down
about 2 inches. I make sure not to press on ribs. For an infact, press down
about 1 and ½ (half) inches. Make sure not to press on the end of the
breastbone.
·
I will do 30 chest compressions, at the
rate of 100 per minute or none, let the chest rise completely between pushes.
·
Check to see if the person has started
breathing.
Note
that these instructions are not meant to replace CPR training
5. Repeat
if the person is still not breathing.
·
If I have been trained in CPR, I can now
open the airway by tilting the head back and lifting the chin.
·
Pinch the nose of the victim closed.
Take a normal breath, cover the victim’s mouth with nine to create an airtight
seal and then give one-two second breaths as I watch for the chest to rise.
·
Connive two breaths followed by 30 chest
compressions.
·
Continue this cycle of 30 compressions
and 2 (two) breaths until the person starts breathing or emergency help
arrivers.
THE MOUTH-TO-MOUTH RESUSCITATION
FOR REVIVING A DROWNED PERSON
1. Turn
the drowning person’s head to the side, allowing water to drain from his or her
mouth and nose. Turn the head back to the centre.
2. I
begin mouth-to-mouth resuscitation on land, if possible, the injured person
needs immediate life.
3. Strong
breathe four times into the mouth of the injured person as your punch his or
her nose. This helps air get past any water that is clogging the breathing
passage ways and the lungs.
4. After
four strong breaths, I put my ear near the mouth and watch the chest for any
breathing movement.
5. Check
the pulse for signs o life.
6. Repeat
the cycle, before taken the victim to the hospital.
QUESTION TWO
Somebody
is eating on the dining with you in a table and the person is being choked,
what will you do to help the person?
ANSWER:
CHOKING: Is
caused by a blockage in the throat, which restricts airflow. Most often choking
in adult is the result of getting food stuck in the windpipe. Without first aid
the lack of airflow brought by choking can cause serious brain damage or even
death by asphyxiation.
STEPS TO BE TAKEN TO HELP A CHOKED
PERSON
The first step I would take on if
someone is being choked is to “access the situation”. This involves making sure
the person is choking and determine whether it is a partial or fatal airway
obstruction. If the person is mild choking or partial airway obstruction, I
better off letting him cough to remove the obstruction himself. The signs of
partial obstructions include:
The ability, to speak, cry out, cough or
respond to someone. The person will also usually be able to breathe, though it
may be slightly labored and the person may grow pale in the face. In contrast
someone experiencing a total obstruction of airway will not be able to speak,
cry, cough or breathe. In addition you may notice the person making the
“Choking sign” (both hands clutch to the throat) and the lips and fingernails
may turn blue due to lack of oxygen.
The second step would be “Asking the
person if he is choking”. If he can respond to you verbally, wait someone who
is really choking will not be able to speak at all but they may shake their
head yes or no, it is important that one do not use back blows on a person who
has partial airway obstruction because there is the risk of lodging the
previously. Semi-loose object more deeply and potentially, causing a total
obstruction. If the person responds: I will encourage the person to cough to
try to clear the blockage. I won’t use back blows. Also I will keep monitoring,
the situation and to be prepared to help in the case that the persons airway
become fully blocked or the choking becomes sever.
The next thing is to “Administer First
Aid”. If the person is choking severely or suffering from total airway
obstruction and is conscious, I will perform first aid. It is a good idea to
make sure that someone who is consciousness knows what you plan to do. This
will also give him an opportunity to let you know if your assistance is
welcome.
I will give “back blows” I will take the
following sequence for back blows.
Ø Standing
behind the person and slightly off to one side. If one is right handed, stand
to the left. And if one is left handed, stand to the right.
·
Supporting the person’s chest with one
of my hand and learn the person forward so that the object blocking this airway
will exit his mouth (as opposed to go further down the throat).
·
I would administer up to five (5)
forceful blows between his shoulder blades with the heel of my hand (between
the palm and waist). Rising after each blow to see if the blockage has cleared.
If not, I will give.
“Abdominal
Thrust”. This is also known as (The Heimlich Maneuvers). It is an emergency
technique that is only to be used on adult or children older than 1 year. It is
unnecessary for children of one year old. The procedure for abdominal thrust
includes.
Ø Standing
behind the choking victims.
Ø Putting
arms around his waist and then lean him forward.
Ø Make
a fist with your hand and place it directly above the person navel (belly
button) but below the breastbone.
Ø Continue
this thrusting action up to five times check after each thrust to see if the
blockage is gone. Stop if the victim losses consciousness.
STEPS TO HELP A CHOKED PREGNANT
WOMAN AND OBESE
Another step is to simply modify the
Heimlich maneuver for pregnant woman and people who are obese. Place your hands
higher than described above the regular Heimlich maneuver technique. One’s
hands should be at the base of the breastbone, just above when the lowest ribs
join. Press hard into the chest with quick thrust as described above. However,
you will not be able to make the same upward thrusts repeat until he stops
choking and the blockage dislodges or he falls unconscious.
After these several measures I will take
a choke look to make sure the object is completely gone. Once the airway is
cleared, parts of the object that caused the person to choke can remain behind.
I would ask the victim to spit it out and breathe without difficulty. I will
look to see if there is something blocking the airway, if there is, I may do a
sweep through the person’s mouth with my finger. Only sweep if you see an
object. Otherwise you could push it further back.
Again, I will check to see if “The
normal breathing has returned”. Once the object is gone most people will return
to breathing normally.
On the other hand, if the choking person
is a child. The treatment will be slightly different than for an adult. The
most important thing to remember is never to pat or slap the choking child on
the back if they are managing to cough. Your actions may dislodge the object
and allow it to be inhaled deeper into the airway.
Note that in a young child their struggle to breathe may not last long
and the stopping of frantic activity may signal a serious or live threatening
situation rather them a sign that they have dislodged the blockage. Look for
other signs and symptoms such as the child’s responses, a pale face or cold and
clammy skin. These are sign that child is in shock.
·
I will stay with the child and watch to
see if their breathing improves.
·
If the child is not breathing easily
within a few minute, I will triple zero (000).
·
If after the coughing settles down,
there is any continued noisy to see a doctor, as the object may have lodged in
the windpipe or airway. If this is the case, it will need to be removed in
hospital using a special instrument.
·
Immediately check if the child is still
able to breathe, cough or cry. If so, they may be able to dislodge the object
by coughing.
·
I will not try to dislodge the object by
hitting the child on the back or squeezing the stomach. This may move the
object with a more dangerous position and cause the child to stop breathing.
In
case, the child is not breathing. For a young child and about five years) place
the child face down over your lap so that the head is lower than the chest>
for an older child< lay them on their side and give four sharp blows on the
back between the shoulder blades to dislodge the object.
·
Do not use the Heimlich Maneuvers
(squeezing the abdomen or hitting the child in the abdomen) unless directed to
the ambulance service operator as this can cause serious damage to organs in
the abdomen
·
Check again for signs of breathing
·
If the child is still not breathing, I
will ask for an ambulance. The ambulance service operator will be able to tell you what to do next.
Furthermore, if the victim do not
recover I will “Consult a Physician” if after choking the person experience a
persistent cough, any difficulty breathing or a feeling that something is still
stuck in his throat he should see a medical professional immediately, I would
make a physician because abdominal thrusts can also cause internal injuries and
bruising if you used this vatic or performed CPR on another person.
CONCLUSION
Drown is when someone is suffocated in
water. Drowned victims need immediate medical attention because of accumulation
of water in the lungs irrespective of the amount can cause constant fluid
accumulation, which is fatal. Choking is the process in which a person airway
becomes blocked, resulting in asphyxiation in case that are not treated promptly.
This write up is to enlighten people on how to treat a choked and drowned
person and to have good table manner in order to avoid choking. Always be
conscious when in and around water bodies and not allow children to go swimming
unsupervised.
REFERENCES
Healthcare.com
Medical dictionary
Wikipedia.com page on choking
Wikipedia.com page on drowning
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